Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan Dan Citra Merek Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Yang Dimediasi Oleh Kepuasan Pelanggan
Abstract
Pesatnya perkembangan industri otomotif kendaraan mobil di Indonesia semakin tahun semakin meningkat mengakibatkan persaingan bisnis dalam industri ini terutama bengkel mobil juga semakin kompetitif sehingga perusahaan perlu memperhatikan loyalitas pelanggan agar mempertahankan pelanggan lama dan menarik pelanggan baru. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman empiris yang lebih baik tentang dampak kualitas layanan, citra merek dengan kepuasan pelanggan sebagai mediasi menuju loyalitas pelanggan. Pengumpulan data dengan menyebar kuesioner kepada 165 responden berusia 18 tahun ke atas dan pernah melakukan servis kendaraan Isuzu minimal 3 kali dalam setahun di bengkel Astra Isuzu cabang Harapan Indah dan berdomisili di Bekasi. Analisis data menggunakan Partial Least Square Structure Equation Model (PLS)-SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas layanan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Demikian pula kualitas layanan meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan baik secara langsung maupun melalui kepuasan pelanggan. Selanjutnya, citra merek secara positif meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Citra merek juga meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan melalui kepuasan pelanggan, namun citra merek tidak memengaruhi loyalitas secara langsung. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan yang bergerak di industri otomotif dapat berfokus pada kepuasan pelanggan agar dapat meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggannya.
References
Alvian, Z. (2020). Pengaruh Fasilitas, Kualitas pelayanan, dan kepuasan pelanggan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan pada PT.Indrajaya Swastika Semarang.
Amalia, L. (2013). Analisis Hubungan Kepuasan Dengan Loyalitas Konsumen Terhadap Sepeda Motor Yamaha Vixion Pada Bengkel Abadi. Jurnal Ekonomi Universitas Esa Unggul Jakarta, 4(November), 1–13.
Anwar, A., & Jalees, T. (2020). Brand Orientation and WOM: Mediating Roles of Brand Love. Journal of Management Sciences, 7(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.20547/jms.2014.2007102
Armayanti, A. S. (2019). Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Analysis of Product Quality, Service Quality and Brand Image on Customer Satisfaction Clinic Beauty and Effect on. E-Proceeding of Management, 6(1), 131–138.
Astuti, A. R., & Sudarusman, E. (2021). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga, dan Citra Merek terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Kosmetik Natural Nusantara di Gunungkidul. Telaah Bisnis, 20(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.35917/tb.v20i1.181
Atmawati, R., & Wahyuddin, M. (2004). Analisa Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Matahari Departemen Store Di Solo Grand Mall. 5(1), 54–61.
Balinado, J. R., Prasetyo, Y. T., Young, M. N., Persada, S. F., Miraja, B. A., & Perwira Redi, A. A. N. (2021). The effect of service quality on customer satisfaction in an automotive after-sales service. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020116
Beerli, A., Martín, J. D., & Quintana, A. (2004). A model of customer loyalty in the retail banking market. European Journal of Marketing, 38(1–2), 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560410511221
Binsar, K., Feliks, A., & Panjaitan, H. (2014). Analysis of Customer Loyalty through Total Quality Service, Customer Relationship Management, and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 3(3), 142–151. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v3i3.6191
BPS.go.id. (2021). Perkembangan Jumlah Kendaraan Bermotor Menurut Jenis (Unit), 2019-2021. Bps.Go.Id. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/17/57/1/jumlah-kendaraan-bermotor.html
Budiarta, S. I., & Fachira, I. (2017). Customer Loyalty: the Effects of Service Loyalty and the Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction Study Case: Pt Sabda Alam Hotel. Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 250–261. https://journal.sbm.itb.ac.id/index.php/jbm/article/viewFile/2158/1130
Caruana, A. (2002). Service loyalty: The effects of service quality and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, 36(7–8), 811–828. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560210430818
Chandra, T., Putra, R., & Jacksen. (2021). Service Quality and Brand Image on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty At Pesonna Hotel Pekanbaru. Journal of Applied Business and Technology (JABT), 2021(2), 2722–5372
Chang, H. H., Wang, Y. H., & Yang, W. Y. (2009). The impact of e-service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty on e-marketing: Moderating effect of perceived value. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 20(4), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360902781923
Cuong, D. T., & Khoi, B. H. (2019). The effect of brand image and perceived value on satisfaction and loyalty at convenience stores in Vietnam. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 11(8 Special Issue), 1446–1454.
Dam, S. M., & Dam, T. C. (2021). Relationships between Service Quality, Brand Image, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Loyalty. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(3), 585–593. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no3.0585
Demirci Orel, F., & Kara, A. (2014). Supermarket self-checkout service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical evidence from an emerging market. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.07.002
Devi, A. A. D. T., & Yasa, N. N. K. (2021). Role of Customer Satisfaction in Mediating the Influence of Service Quality and Perceived Value on Brand Loyalty. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 8(3), 315–328. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v8n3.1786
Diputra, I. G. A. W., & Yasa, N. N. (2021). the Influence of Product Quality, Brand Image,Brand Trust on Customer Satisfaction andLoyalty. American International Journal of Business Management (AIJBM), 4(01), 25–34.
Elizar, C., Indrawati, R., Yanuar, T., & Syah, R. (2020). Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust, and Customer Loyalty in Service of Paediatric Polyclinic Over Private H Hospital of East Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 4(2), 105–111
Girsang, N. M., Rini, E. S., & Gultom, P. (2020). The Effect Of Brand Image And Product Quality On Re-Purchase Intention With Customer Satisfaction As Intervening Variables In Consumers Of Skincare Oriflame Users – A Study On Students Of North Sumatra. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies, 5(1), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3627548
Gontur, S., Gadi, P. D., & Bagobiri, E. (2022). Service Quality and Customer Loyalty. International Journal of Marketing & Human Resource Research, 3(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.47747/ijmhrr.v3i1.474
Gultom, D. K., Arif, M., & Muhammad Fahmi. (2020). Determinasi Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Melalui Kepercayaan Dedek. MANEGGGIO: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, 3(2), 273–282
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
Handayani, D. F. R., PA, R. W., & Nuryakin, N. (2021). The influence of e-service quality, trust, brand image on Shopee customer satisfaction and loyalty. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 25(2), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol25.iss2.art3
Hendri, A., & Syah, T. Y. R. (2020). Peranan Citra Merek Tdr Racing Dalam Pembentukan Loyalitas Konsumen. JCA of Economics and Business, 1.
Hsieh, M., Pan, S., & Setiono, R. (2004). Dimensions and Purchase Behavior : A multicountry analysis. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science., 32(3), 251–270.
Jamal, A., & Naser, K. (2002). Customer satisfaction and retail banking: An assessment of some of the key antecedents of customer satisfaction in retail banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 20(4), 146–160. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652320210432936
Kalaja, R., Myshketa, R., & Scalera, F. (2016). Service Quality Assessment in Health Care Sector: The Case of Durres Public Hospital. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235(October), 557–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.082
Kant, R., & Jaiswal, D. (2017). The impact of perceived service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction: An empirical study on public sector banks in India. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(3), 411–430. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-04-2016-0051
Kasiri, L. A., Guan Cheng, K. T., Sambasivan, M., & Sidin, S. M. (2017). Integration of standardization and customization: Impact on service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 35(November 2016), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.11.007
Keller, K. L., & Swaminathan, V. (2019). Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, Global Edition. Pearson
Khasanah, S. H., Ariani, N., & Argo, J. G. (2021). Analisis Citra Merek, Kepercayaan Merek, dan Kepuasan Merek terhadap Loyalitas Merek. Prosiding Konferensi Riset Nasional Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi, 2, 394–411.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). A framework for marketing -Marketing Management (15th ed.). In Sloan management review (Vol. 32).
Kristen, U., & Cantemir, D. (2018). Menginvestigasi nexus kualitas layanan dan loyalitas nasabah dalam industri perbankan melalui peran mediasi kepuasan nasabah.
Lien, C. H., Wen, M. J., Huang, L. C., & Wu, K. L. (2015). Online hotel booking: The effects of brand image, price, trust and value on purchase intentions. Asia Pacific Management Review, 20(4), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2015.03.005
Malhotra, N., Nunan, D., & Birks, D. (2017). Marketing research: An applied approach. Pearson.
Mehta, A. M., & Tariq, M. (2020). How Brand Image and Perceived Service Quality Affect Customer Loyalty Through Customer Satisfaction. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 24(1), 1–10
Minh, N. V., & Huu, N. H. (2016). The relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: An investigation in Vietnamese retail banking sector. Journal of Competitiveness, 8(2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2016.02.08
Minta, Y. (2018). Link between satisfaction and customer loyalty in the insurance industry. Moderating effect of trust and commitment. Journal of Marketing Management, 6(2), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.15640/jmm.v6n2a3
Murari, K. (2018). Financial Service Quality and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Indian Banking Sector. Drishtikon: A Management Journal, 9(2), 36–55.
Myo, Y. N., Khalifa, G. S. A., & Aye, T. T. (2019). The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty of Myanmar Hospitality Industry: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Management and Human Science (IJMHS), 3(3), 2590–3748
Noersanti, L., & Prasetyo, T. A. (2020). Influence Service Quality, Brand Image, Location to Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty (Case Study on Motorcycle Repair Shop Sahabat Motor-Cibinong Customer). 132(AICMaR 2019), 152–155. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200331.033
Parasuraman, Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). [Activity of rifampicin administered daily and intermittently on experimental tuberculosis in mice]. SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality, 64(1), 12–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252296
Park, H., & Park, S. (2019). The effect of emotional image on customer attitude. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(3), 259–268. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2019.vol6.no3.259
Putro, R. N. C. A., & Rachmat, B. (2019). Effect of Brand Image and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty At Bank Jatim Syariah Surabaya. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 87(3), 152–165. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2019-03.19
Rahman, A. B. M. J. B. Z. (2018). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Citra Merek terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Mobil Ford. SEIKO : Jurnal of Management and Businessf Management and Business, 2(1), 1–10.
Rioyono, Ristanto, H., & Fitriani, Y. A. (2021). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Swalayan Aneka Jaya Boja. Journal of Management & Business, 4(1), 66–76.
Saidin, Rawiyah, Saidin, Z. H., & Wan Abdul Rahman, W. A. (2020). How the Unique Industry-Specific Measures of Service Quality and Brand Image Can Develop Customer Loyalty in Automotive After-Sales Service. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(11), 847–865. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i11/8039
Santouridis, I., & Trivellas, P. (2010). Investigating the impact of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in mobile telephony in Greece. TQM Journal, 22(3), 330–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542731011035550
Setiawan, H., & Sayuti, A. J. (2017). Effects of Service Quality, Customer Trust and Corporate Image on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: An Assessment of Travel Agencies Customer in South Sumatra Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(05), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-1905033140
Shpetim. (2012). Exploring the Relationships among Service Quality, Satisfaction, Trust and Store Loyalty among Retail Customers. Journal of Competitiveness, 4(4), 16–35. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2012.04.02
Srivastava, K., & Sharma, N. K. (2013). Service Quality, Corporate Brand Image, and Switching Behavior: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention. Services Marketing Quarterly, 34(4), 274–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332969.2013.827020
Supiyani, R., & Afridola, S. (2020). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Kepuasan Konsumen Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Pada Pt Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Manajemen: Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Science, 11(01), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.52657/jiem.v11i01.1192
Surahman, I. G. N., Yasa, P. N. S., & Wahyuni, N. M. (2020). The Effect of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty Mediated by Customer Satisfaction in Tourism Villages in Badung Regency. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis JAGADITHA, 7(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.22225/jj.7.1.1626.46-52
Syah, T. Y. R., & Wijoyo, C. K. (2021). Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on WOM a Private Hospital in Indonesia. JMMR (Jurnal Medicoeticolegal Dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit), 10(1), LAYOUTING. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmmr.v10i1.10141
Taqi, I., & Muhammad, G. (2020). Brand Loyalty and the Mediating Roles of Brand Image and Customer Satisfaction. Market Forces College of Management Sciences, 15(1), 101–119.
Tsabitah, N., & Anggraeni, R. (2021). The Effect of Brand Image, Brand Personality and Brand Awareness on Purchase Intention of Local Fashion Brand “This Is April.” Kinerja, 25(2), 234–250. https://doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v25i2.4701
Yap, B. W., Ramayah, T., & Wan Shahidan, W. N. (2012). Satisfaction and trust on customer loyalty: A PLS approach. Business Strategy Series, 13(4), 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631211246221


